International Marketing ..Rococo Chocolates Research Paper - 3

Worldwide Marketing ..Rococo Chocolates - Research Paper Example The essential goal of this investigation is to discover the estimation of the idea of growing the matter of Rococo Chocolates in France. Different destinations are to discover the market capability of the Rococo Chocolates in France and the method of elevating the item to accomplish a reasonable situation in the French market. The incorporated promoting correspondences and marking techniques are examined to discover the ideal way of achievement in the new market. The universal showcasing angles have become an extraordinary open door for some organizations. The Rococo Chocolates which is begun from London is currently searching for incredible business openings in France. It is in every case especially trying for any business element to go worldwide or to arrangement new business in other nation. In any case, for this situation the market is a lot of testing as the development level of the chocolate deals isn't excessively high in the anticipated market, yet with the assistance of out of the container thinking process the shrouded way of the achievement can be accomplished. To have a supportable situation in the French chocolate advertise, Rococo needs to experience numerous progressions likewise. The quality and shortcoming from within and the chance and danger from the market must be broke down appropriately to place step into the new market. Lavish Chocolates was established in March 1983 by its proprietor Chantal Coady (Rococo Chocolates). Throughout the previous two decades the organization has developed consistently. It has the extraordinary product offering of various kinds of chocolates, and it likewise has various adornments identified with chocolates. Be that as it may, in the wake of cooking the London with the lead store in Motcomb St, in the focal point of Belgravia in London and with other two in London the Rococo has increase an extraordinary notoriety inside the London for selling rich and excellent chocolates. The organizer and proprietor Coady is likewise the leader of the chocolate society in London (Coe and Coe, 2007). With the huge experience of

Changes in capacity and dicision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Changes in limit and dicision making - Essay Example Each proxy chief delegated by the patient or by the court or chose consequently, have the duty of speaking to the desires of the adult individual and mull over the patients esteems. Medicinal services experts likewise have the duty of regarding these qualities and wishes as they may be. At the point when the desires and estimations of the patient are not known by the substitute, he/she ought to be guided dependent on the patient’s wellbeing (Buchanan et al. 1998). Limit evaluation assumes a significant job in deciding when a patient can't decide; subsequently they ought to be made for his sake. This has a major ramifications for the center wellbeing experts and common opportunities impacts of the patient. The way toward deciding the patients limit is significant and can have genuine ramifications to the patient’s life or even wellbeing, it can likewise make the individual contribution the treatment to lose his/her vocation/work. A wellbeing specialist can get off-base data about a patient’s wellbeing that he/she gets from the patient who is intellectually weakened. At the point when such data is utilized, it might wind up jeopardizing the life of the patient. It is, thusly, vital to satisfactory limit evaluation to be done. In this situation, there is a contention between the dad and the little girl thus a moral dynamic will be required by the social insurance official. The leaders, for this situation, must consider moral, equity to parties included, independence, value, and nonmaleficence. They ought to likewise take thought their expert and authoritative good standards codes and principles. The bioethicist should concoct a legitimate and cool headed dynamic structure. A component that involve morals boards of trustees, administrations for counseling, and approaches that are composed. An official route with rules ought to be built up to help in the dynamic procedure. In any case, given that the patient

Division Between Ancient and Modern Science Essay -- Religion Philosop

Division Between Ancient and Modern Science Presentation Force has assumed a critical job in the inspiration of logical advancement, explicitly in contrasting current science and old science. Force searchers have been enormously pulled in to logical interests, looking for money related, nurturing or brilliance winning closures. In old science the bait of wellbeing, riches, and endless life enchanted numerous a chemist to the poorhouse, franticness, or an inconvenient demise (Coudert 35), while present day society itself has grasped logical advancement with a comparable enthusiasm. In the midst of numerous similitudes, the crack among antiquated and present day science is huge and has every now and again left students of history bewildered. Despite the fact that it is obvious to history specialists that the stale study of antiquated occasions formed into the cutting edge logical interest in the seventeenth century, it isn't clear what explicitly caused this insurgency of logical idea. This article will examine contrasts in thought processes which have driven old and present day science, contending that seventeenth century adjustments of intensity structures prompted a definitive division among current and antiquated science and the emission of current science as it is today. Examinations will be drawn with respect to information openness, winning methods of reasoning and belief systems, and the connection among science and the congregation. Information Accessibility: old privileged insights versus present day network information To start, a significant move in logical intuition showed up with the beginning of the print machine and the newly discovered openness of information. Speculative chemistry was from its starting points a mystery workmanship; (Roberts 66) mystery was a flat out need in early science when an amazing formula or strategy had been found, as such information was a significant commodit... ... Peruse, John. Through Alchemy to Chemistry: A Procession of Ideas and Personalities. London: G. Ringer, 1957. Roberts, Gareth. The Mirror of Alchemy: Alchemical Ideas and Images in Manuscripts and Books: From Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century. Wild ox: U. of Toronto, 1994. Yearly, Steven. Science, Technology, and Social Change. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1988. Works Consulted: Sazlberg, Hugh W. From Caveman to Chemist: Circumstances and Achievements. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1991. Sirvin, Nathan. Chinese Alchemy: Preliminary Studies. Cambridge: Harvard, 1968. Thorndike, Lynn. History of Magic and Experimental Science. Vol. 1 New York: Colombia, 1964. Waite, Arthur E. Chemists Through the Ages. Blauvelt, N.Y.: Rudolf Steiner, 1970. Wilson, David A. Speculative chemistry: Creating Gold From Base Metal. Dark Mountain, N.C.: Lorien House, 1988. Division Between Ancient and Modern Science Essay - Religion Philosop Division Between Ancient and Modern Science Presentation Force has assumed a critical job in the inspiration of logical advancement, explicitly in looking at present day science and old science. Force searchers have been significantly pulled in to logical interests, looking for money related, nurturing or greatness winning finishes. In old science the bait of wellbeing, riches, and everlasting life enchanted numerous a chemist to the poorhouse, franticness, or an inconvenient passing (Coudert 35), while present day society itself has grasped logical advancement with a comparative enthusiasm. In the midst of numerous likenesses, the break among antiquated and current science is colossal and has as often as possible left history specialists confused. In spite of the fact that it is obvious to students of history that the stale study of antiquated occasions formed into the cutting edge logical interest in the seventeenth century, it isn't clear what explicitly caused this transformation of logical idea. This exposition will talk about contrasts in thought processes which have driven antiquated and present day science, contending that seventeenth century changes of intensity structures prompted a definitive division among current and old science and the emission of current science as it is today. Correlations will be drawn with respect to information availability, winning ways of thinking and philosophies, and the connection among science and the congregation. Information Accessibility: old privileged insights versus current network information To start, a significant move in logical speculation showed up with the beginning of the print machine and the freshly discovered availability of information. Speculative chemistry was from its causes a mystery craftsmanship; (Roberts 66) mystery was a flat out need in early science when an amazing formula or technique had been found, as such information was a significant commodit... ... Peruse, John. Through Alchemy to Chemistry: A Procession of Ideas and Personalities. London: G. Ringer, 1957. Roberts, Gareth. The Mirror of Alchemy: Alchemical Ideas and Images in Manuscripts and Books: From Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century. Wild ox: U. of Toronto, 1994. Yearly, Steven. Science, Technology, and Social Change. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1988. Works Consulted: Sazlberg, Hugh W. From Caveman to Chemist: Circumstances and Achievements. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1991. Sirvin, Nathan. Chinese Alchemy: Preliminary Studies. Cambridge: Harvard, 1968. Thorndike, Lynn. History of Magic and Experimental Science. Vol. 1 New York: Colombia, 1964. Waite, Arthur E. Chemists Through the Ages. Blauvelt, N.Y.: Rudolf Steiner, 1970. Wilson, David A. Speculative chemistry: Creating Gold From Base Metal. Dark Mountain, N.C.: Lorien House, 1988.

Integrative Network Design Essay Example for Free

Integrative Network Design Essay Riordan Manufacturing is a worldwide plastics maker. Their items incorporate plastic refreshment holders delivered in Albany, Georgia, custom plastic parts created in Pontiac, Michigan, and plastic fan parts created in Hang Zhou, China (UOPX, 2013, p. 1). Riordan’s innovative work is in San Jose, California (Corporate Headquarters). Riordans primary clients are car parts producers, airplane makers, the Department of Defense, drink creators and bottlers, and apparatus makers (UOPX, 2013, p. 1). Group B and partners were task by Riordan to investigation Riordan’s WAN and add a remote Network to Riordan Manufacturing, additionally to dissect and refresh Riordan’s Internet security in every one of the areas and give documentation to security approaches and methodology. What is a remote system and what are the advantages of going remote. With the present remote innovation, Wi-Fi is all over the place; one can associate with the Internet by going to cafés, air terminals, medical clinics, inns, and homes. Organizations can remain associated with their collaborators and clients without being attached to their office work area by utilizing remote systems and Wi-Fi hotspots. Remote neighborhood (WLAN) permits staff to associate with their PCs without wires or links. A remote system utilizes radio waves to associate and convey inside a specific region to cell phones. On the off chance that somebody needs a record while going to a gathering in the meeting room or one needs to get to the stock rundown from the distribution center. A remote system permits one to get to the company’s Internet and recover reports on their portable devises without leaving the gathering or returning to their office. Advantages of Wireless Networking The advantages of company’s going remote incorporate comfort, portability efficiency, and simplicity of set up, versatility, security, and cost. Cell phones in today’s society are furnished with Wi-Fi innovation and ready to associate with a WLAN. Accommodation: representatives can get to safely to their company’s organize assets from any area inside their inclusion zone. The inclusion territory regularly is the place of business however can grow to other organization offices. Versatility: representatives are associated with the system when they are not at their office work area. Individuals in gatherings can get to records and applications with their cell phones. Sales reps can get to the company’s organize from any area. Profitability: workers getting to their reports and applications are the way to take care of business, and it energizes cooperation. Clients likewise approach the company’s Internet utilizing a safe visitor access to see their business information. Simplicity of arrangement: business don't need to run links through the offices, establishment is fast and savvy. WLAN’s make it simpler to for difficult to arrive at areas to have availability to the system. Adaptability: with organizations extend, company’s need to grow rapidly alongside their system. Remote system grows with the current existing hardware. Security: the accomplishment in controlling and overseeing secure access to a business’s remote system is significant. Security administrators must be learned with the propelled Wi-Fi innovation and necessities to give vivacious security assurances to ensure their information, yet just offering consent to who need get to. Cost: organizations that work with and WLAN, lessens wiring costs during office overhauls. How Riordan Manufacturing can utilize a remote Networking Company’s utilizing a remote systems are boosting profitability and empower information data sharing. Representatives can meander all through the structure utilizing cell phones and still have consistent access to records, messages, applications, and other system assets required to carry out their responsibilities. Workers utilizing remote LAN can go all through the place of business without losing Internet availability. Workers having a group meeting or in gathering can have the most refreshed correspondences, remembering all archives and applications for the system. Voice over web convention (VOIP) innovation; additionally have meandering abilities in their voice correspondences. Improved responsiveness Customers require quick answers to questions and concerns. A WLAN improves client assistance or connections by associating representatives to the information data. Better access to data WLAN’s permit business’s access to all zones in the structure with no network issues. WLAN’s are viable in stockrooms, producing plants, and dispersion focuses. Workers can get to inventories and giving precise figures progressively to the board. Simpler system extension Businesses growing and recruiting new workers are effortlessly included the system by the system overseer. Office furniture is effortlessly moved and workers are added or evacuated to/from the system without issues. Improved visitor get to WLAN’s permit organizations to give secure remote access to the Internet for visitors or guests. Clinics, cafés, lodgings, coffeehouses, and other open organizations give WI-FI to every single cell phone. The IT executive should confirm that all the work area PCs as of now have the coordinated Wi-Fi equipment introduced or the PC’s should updated. Changing to a WLAN doesn't mean changing from ones existing wired system. It is normal for organizations to have a wired-remote system that gives remote capacities to gathering rooms or in new extended office spaces. WLAN’s likewise bolsters VOIP for the gathering rooms. IT directors ought to know about a portion of the specialized parts of WLAN’s. The WLAN organize covers roughly around 3,000 square feet. The scope of a remote switch could be influenced by dividers and work areas, and the signs are difficult to be gotten in lifts. Different issues IT directors ought to be made mindful of include: †¢Wireless switch is shared between 15-20 clients for each passageway for information, 8-12 for VOIP †¢VOIP quality, remote switches should be introduced nearer together †¢Routers have upgraded inclusion when they are introduced on the roof. Security strategies and techniques in a WLAN are critical to consider while building up a remote system. Security approaches that should be thought of: †¢Data encryption †¢User validation †¢Secure access for guests †¢Control frameworks. To demonstrate that the structure meets the information rate necessities, you have to ascertain the necessary information move rate for every one of your systems. Reinforcements over the system must move the information from every one of your customers, to your media servers sufficiently quick to complete reinforcements inside your reinforcement window. To figure the information move rate, utilize this equation: Required system information move rate = (measure of information to back up)/(reinforcement window) the graph underneath shows the run of the mill move paces of a portion of the more despise arrange innovations. Table: Network information move rates (PowerTech. com, 2010, p. 1) Network TechnologyTheoretical gigabytes per hourTypical gigabytes every hour 100BaseT (switched)3625 1000BaseT (switched)360250 10000BaseT (switched)360025 Here is a case of how to ascertain the necessary information move rate for your system: (Symantec Corp, 2013, p. 1) Use the accompanying suspicions: †¢Amount of information to back up = 500 gigabytes †¢Backup window = 8 hours †¢Required arrange move rate = 500 gigabytes/8hr = 62. 5 gigabytes for every hour Solution 1: Network Technology = 100BaseT (exchanged) Typical exchange rate = 25 gigabytes for each hour A solitary 100BaseT system has an exchange pace of 25 gigabytes for every hour. This system can't deal with your necessary information move pace of 62. 5 gigabytes for every hour. For this situation, you would need to investigate different choices, for example, the accompanying; backing up your information over a quicker system (1000BaseT), huge servers to devoted tape drives (SAN media servers), SAN associations by methods for SAN Client. Performing off-have reinforcements utilizing Snapshot Client to introduce a preview straightforwardly to a media server that reinforcements during a more extended time window, plays out your reinforcements over quicker committed systems, for example, arrangement 2: Network Technology = 1000BaseT (exchanged) and Typical exchange rate = 250 gigabytes for every hour Based on the above system table; a solitary 1000BaseT system has an exchange pace of 250 gigabytes for each hour. This system has substantially more ability to deal with the reinforcements for this framework. To manufacture a reinforcement framework for you organize; you complete the accompanying. The information move rates for your systems must be determined so as to distinguish your different issues and potential bottlenecks. (The most recent breaking mechanical answers for managing numerous systems issues and potential bottlenecks are promptly accessible for establishment. ) Once the information move rates required for your reinforcements are determined, the pace of move must have the option to accomplish a total reinforcement of every one of your information inside the dispensed time. At that point you should decide the most effective kind of tape or plate innovation is accessible to meet your company’s explicit necessities. Decide the particular number of tape drives required and the necessary information move rate will be for your system. To set the reinforcements required for your system, (as in the past) you should move the information from every one of your customers, to your media servers sufficiently quick to complete reinforcements inside your reinforcement window. At that point decide the size of your frameworks ‘Netback up’ picture database, precisely how much plate space will be expected to store your whole Netback up picture database, the size of the ‘Netback up social database’ (NBDB), and the necessary space that will be expected to deal with the NBDB. At that point compute how much media will be expected to deal with both full and steady reinforcements, in addition to you should d

M v Home Office - Free Essay Example

Briefly explain the case of M v Home Office (1994) as it relates to the concept of the Rule of Law Dicey proposed that every man is subject to the ordinary law of the realm and amenable to the jurisdiction of the ordinary tribunals, whatever his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"rank or conditionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[1]. The accuracy of this assertion came under challenge in the case of M v Home Office (1994)[2], in which two issues of constitutional importance were considered; firstly whether injunctions could be issued against a government minister or department, and secondly whether a government minister or department could be found to be in contempt of court for failing to comply with a court order[3]. The case concerned à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, a citizen of Zaire who sought political asylum under the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees[4]. Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application was rejected by the Home Office who ordered his removal from the UK. The Court of Appeal refused an application for leave to move for judicial review and so a fresh application was made, which alleged new grounds, to Garland J in chambers. Garland J indicated that Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s departure should be postponed in order to consider the application, and his understanding was that the Home Office had given an undertaking that this would be done. In fact, the undertaking given was that they would à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"endeavourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to postpone the departure; and regardless of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"endeavoursà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, M was removed from jurisdiction on a flight to Zaire via Paris. On hearing of this, Garland J made a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"without noticeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ mandatory order, noting that the apparent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"undertakingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ had been breached and requiring the Home Secretary to procure Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s return; and so arrangements were made for this[5]. The order granted the Secretary of State liberty to vary or discharge it, and so following advice from his officials, the Home Secretary cancelled the arrangements for Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s return, concluding that the underlying decision to refuse asylum had been correct, and that the order made by Garland J was made without jurisdiction. Proceedings were brought against the Home Secretary on behalf of M (who had since disappeared following his arrival in Zaire) and a finding was made that Kenneth Baker, when acting as Home Secretary, had been guilty of contempt of court with the result simply that Mr Baker should pay costs[6]. One of the significant considerations in the case was whether the Crown Proceedings Act 1947 granted immunity to the Crown and its servants from injunctions when acting in their official capacity[7]. Up until 1947, the Crown enjoyed a number of substantial immunities and benefited from various procedural advantages in litigation[8]. Under the Act, however, the Crown is subject to the same liabilities in tort as a person of full age and capacity[9]; it is further vicariously liable for torts committed by its servants or agents[10]. The extent to which the Crown is liable appears to be limited by the Act. The 1994 case established, however, that the Act does not preclude the grant of an injunction against a particular crown servant, and such a view was in keeping with the history of prerogative proceedings against officers of the Crown. Although the Crown cannot be subject to this remedy, its servants carrying out its tasks will be[11]. Lord Templeman in delivering his brief judgement noted that the argument that there was no power to enforce the law by injunction or contempt proceedings against a minister in his official capacity would, if upheld, establish the proposition that the executive obey the law as a matter of grace and not as a matter of necessity, a proposition which his Lordship said would reverse the result of the Civil War[12]. Lord Woolf, delivering the main opinion of the Court, affirmed the finding of the Court of Appeal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“save for substitution of designation Secretary of State for Home Affairs as proper object of finding of contemptà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [13]. It was held that Garland J had jurisdiction to grant the order per Note 53/1-14/24 to the Supreme Court Practice 1993 which permits such a grant in urgent cases; further, the order was made by the High Court and so valid until set aside[14]. Whilst it might be acceptable to delay complying with the order until an application has been made for further guidance from the Court, the person in whose favour the order has been made (in this case M) must not be disadvantaged pending the hearing. In this case, the cancellation of plans to return M to the safety of the UK comprised a failure to protect his position and thus a disadvantage. Lord Woolf further examined the issue of whether a finding of contempt could be made against the Crown, government department or minister of the Crown. He considered that the Crown did have legal personality[15] so this did not present a hindrance to such a finding. Further, whilst acknowledging the argument that contempt proceedings were usually personal and punitive (and would therefore be inappropriate against the Crown or an officer of a Crown) he did not accept that this was always their function, and held that a finding of contempt could vindicate the requirements of justice. The issue as to whether the courts have jurisdiction to issue à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"coerciveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ orders against the Crown or ministers of the Crown was said to go to the heart of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the relationship between the executive and the courtsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [16]. Such sanctions are necessarily within a courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s jurisdiction to protect orders it has made, although they should only be issued in the most limited circumstances as they w ill usually be unnecessary[17],[18]. Their existence however reflects Diceyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ideal that officials and others should have no exemption from the duty of the law that governs other citizens, or from the jurisdiction of ordinary tribunals[19], in order that citizens may enjoy legal protection against unlawful conduct on the part of officials[20]. However great the powers or duties conferred on the executive, it is necessary in a parliamentary democracy[21] that all concerned are equally responsible before the ordinary courts for the exercise of their rights, powers and duties[22]. Word count: 1,000 + refs bibliography AV Dicey An Introduction to the Study of the Law of Constitution (10th Edition Macmillan London 1965) M Allen B Thompson Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (7th Edition Oxford University Press London 2002) Halsburys Laws of England Administrative Law (Volume 1(1) 2001 Reissue) 4. Judicial Control (4) Judicial Remedi es (iii) Mandatory Orders b. Public Offices and Duties in Respect of Which a Mandatory Order Will Not Lie 148. Mandatory Orders Against the Crown and Crown Servants Halsburys Laws of England Administrative Law (Volume 1(1) 2001 Reissue) 4. Judicial Control (4) Judicial Remedies (iv) Declarations and Injunctions b. injunctions 152. The injunction in public law. RVF Heuston The Rule of Law in Essays in Constitutional Law (2nd Edition 1964) 44-48 LexisNexis UK : https://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal Table of Cases Francome and Another v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd and Others (1984) 2 All ER 408 at 412 Isaacs v Robertson (1985) Ac 97 M v Home Office (1994) 1 A.C. 377 R v Secretary of State for War [1891] 2 QB 326, CA R v Treasury Lords Comrs (1872) LR 7 QB 387 at 402 Re A Company (1981) AC 374 Town Investment Ltd v Department of the Environment (1978) Ac 359 Footnotes [1] AV Dicey An Introduction to the Study of the Law of Constitution (10th Edition Macmillan London 1959) 193 as quoted in M Allen B Thompson Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (7th Edition Oxford University Press London 2002) 216 [2] 1 A.C. 377 [3] Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (n 1 above) 217 [4] (1951) (Cmd. 9171): (1994) 1 A.C. 377 at 398 [5] [1994] 1 A.C. 377 at 400 [6] (1994) 1 A.C. 377 at 397-403 [7] Section 21(1) [8] RC Clements J Kay Constitutional and Administrative Law (3rd Edition Oxford University Press Oxford)179 [9] Section 2 (amended by the Statute Law Repeals Act 1981 [10] As defined by Section 6 [11] Constitutional and Administrative Law (n 8 above) 182 [12] [1994] 1 A.C. 377 at 396 [13] [1994] 1 A.C. 377 at 428 [14] In Re A Company (1981) AC 374, 384 and Isaacs v Robertson (1985) Ac 97, 102 per Lord Diplock [15] As sole corporation or corporation aggregate per Lor d Diplock in Town Investment Ltd v Department of the Environment (1978) Ac 359 [16] [1994] 1 A.C. 377 at 406 [17] Halsburys Laws of England Administrative Law (Volume 1(1) 2001 Reissue) 152. The Injunction in Public Law [18] (1994) 1 A.C. 377 per Lord Woolf; cf R v Secretary of State for Transport, ex p Factortame [1990] 2 AC 85, [1989] 2 All ER 692, HL [19] An Introduction to the Study of the Law of Constitution (n1 above) 202-203 [20] Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (n 1 above) 215 [21] Per Lord Donaldson MR in Francome and Another v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd and Others (1984) 2 All ER 408 at 412 [22] RVF Heuston The Rule of Law in Essays in Constitutional Law (2nd Edition 1964) 44-48 in Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (n 1 above) 215

The Burqa Controversy in Australia Research Assignment - 1100 Words

The Burqa Controversy in Australia Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: First and Last NameProfessorClassTIME \@ "MMMM d, yyyy" August 22, 2017The Burqa Controversy in AustraliaA burqa pertains to the outer-garment used by women from the Islamic community, primarily to cover themselves in public. Muslim women primarily wear these burqas as the Quran prompts them to cover and be modest (Vyver). However, Dr. Raihan Ismail, a Middle East Politics and Islamic Studies professor at the Australian National University, asserts that today, women wear these veils for various reasons ranging from culture, fashion, and the most predominant: religion. In the context of religion, women particularly think that wearing the burqa is an obligation.Recently, the usage of burqas has been controversial and problematic. As a matter of fact, some countries have actually banned the use of burqa. While it is not completely outlawed in the Netherlands, burqa usage in places where it is essential to be seen is banned. This includes public transports and public plac es. In April 2011, France became the first country to officially ban women from leaving their homes with their faces covered. Belgium followed shortly after. In September 2016, Bulgaria banned the burqa in an attempt to strengthen security amidst the emergence of Islamic militant attacks. Egypt, Switzerland, Italy, and Chad later followed the burqa ban (Foster).The current paper takes into consideration the ongoing debate over the possibility of burqa ban in Australia. This contemporary issue must be tackled as it affects so many people, particularly the Islamic community, but also the general citizens of Australia. The proposition for burqa ban started from New South Wales passing of the Identification Legislation Amendment Act of 2011, which requires people to remove face covers when asked by state officials. Threatened by the Moscow theatre hostage situation in 2002, Fred Nile, an Australian politician, suggested the banning of full-body coverings in order to prevent possible car rying of weapons. In 2010, Nile put up a bill to criminalize face coverings, such as the burqa and the niqab, the latter being a veil worn by Islamic women to cover their faces, except their eyes. Senator Cory Bernadi lobbied for the same ban. Four years later, Senator Jacquie Lambie once again brought up the banning of the burqa, and in February 2017, introduced a bill to amend Criminal Code Act 1995. The said bill once again proposed to make burqas illegal when a terrorism threat is ongoing.In this light, it is of interest that recently, One Nation leader Pauline Hanson pulled a stunt by coming to the Parliament wearing a burqa. The Australian senator, known for her strong antagonism against Muslim immigration, came to a parliamentary session wearing the Islamic garment. She later took it off, saying I'm quite happy to remove this because it's not what should belong in this parliament (McKirdy). As a known opponent of migration and multiculturalism, this act seemed like a mockery, and therefore, caused a massive controversy. Senator George Brandis of the Liberal Nation coalition strongly expressed his antagonism by saying Senator Hanson, no, we will not be banning the burqa I'm not going to pretend to ignore the stunt that you have tried to pull today by arriving in the chamber dressed in a burqa, when we all know you are not an adherent of the Islamic faith. Brandis adds that Hanson should be careful the religious sensibilities of other Australians. He adds by saying that To ridicule that community, to drive it into a corner, to mock its religious garments is an appalling thing to do (McKirdy).The current paper defies Pauline Hansons act and agrees with George Brandis. Indeed, the wearing of the burqa in the Parliament was inappropriate. Moreover, Australia must not ban the burqa. In order to establish its arguement, the current paper firstly notes why its proponents lobby for banning of the burqa. Firstly, it should be acknowledged that support for such ba n has its foundations on ruthless pragmatism. This highlights the bans practicality, especially in keeping the general public safe and secure. Banning such garment would prevent individuals with impure intentions from using it as some sort of disguise and concealing harmful objects. Alongside other forms of clothing and accessories, such as sunglasses and masks, the form of garment in consideration inhibits security cameras from effectively recognizing facial features. This, therefore, threats the essential identification of individuals involved in committing crimes.Secondly, the support for such ban is being reinforced by the idea of preventing oppression against women. In a sense, requiring an individual to wear a particular type of clothing hinders them from making their own choice and going for their own preferences. In the case of burqas and niqabs, the culture only requires its imposition among women. This leads to the reinforcement of gender inequality. It oppresses women and disallows them from sporting any type of clothing that they would personally prefer.Thirdly, legislators and government officials have emphasized the fact that residents of Australia should belong to a single team, implying that those who wear such form of garment are un-Australian, and are therefore not part of the group. The ban has also received support in the European Court of Human Rights, where it has been found out that banning individuals from wearing such garments does not violate Article 9 in the European Convention on Human Rights.However, this current paper argues that these pro-ban views pale in comparison to the wrong connotations of the ban. Firstly, the ban highlights the intrusion of individual and personal freedoms. In specific, this pertains to an individuals inability to make choices according to their personal and religious preferences. As previously discussed, supporting the wearing of such facial coverings or garments hinders individuals from making their own choices and going for their own preferences. In fact, it is ironic that banning such type of garment only reinforces the notion of disallowing members of the society to practice their freedom. Instead of being able to freely choose whichever type of clothing an individual intends to sport, such ban inhibits them from practicing their freedom of choice, especially in light of religion.Secondly, banning the burqa is a form of discrimination to Islams beliefs. It is every individuals fundamental right to choose whichever practice of faith they intend to follow. In the case of Islam, it is an essential tradition for women to wear such garments in order to practice their faith and be in line with their cultures standards. Banning such garments is a form of disrespect for this particular faith, as it also reinforc...

Animal Experimentation Should Be Eliminated - 1656 Words

Is it really necessary to use and abuse animals in medical research? People’s opinions on this topic will vary but as strong as an opinion can be, there is more to it than just that. After reading a lot of different articles on animal testing, it has not been as beneficial to humans as we think. People misunderstand the cruelty and torture animals are put through in their lives, and are unaware or just simply don’t understand the procedures and techniques that they endure. Animal experimentation should be eliminated. Animal testing is unethical and inhumane and should be eliminated, seeing as there are safer ways to test products. Innocent animals are locked inside cages in laboratories languishing in pain. All they want to do is roam free but instead they ache with loneliness. Annually over one hundred million animals are used for a variety of painful and torturous experimentations, also knows as vivisection, every year – without accountability. Animals used for experiments did not choose to donate their bodies to science. All they can do is wait for the next for the next terrifying and painful procedure that will be performed on them. Animals should not be experimented on because they are living, sentient beings. There are alternatives due to modern and up coming technology, and because the majority of what is tested on animals fails in humans. (The State of Animal Research) â€Å"Only approximately one percent of animals utilized in research are covered by the Animal WelfareShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation And Its Effects On Human Life And Survival965 Words   |  4 PagesInstructor Miguel Ma rrero English 1302 September 18, 2014 Animal Experimentation The various experiments are performed on living animals especially to test the effects of chemical compounds such as new drugs, cosmetics, food additives and pesticides. The application of animals to test a large number of products from household compounds and cosmetics to pharmaceutical has been considered to be a normal strategy for many years. Animal experimentation has existed since ancient times and contributed to humanRead More Its Time to Stop Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation1594 Words   |  7 PagesTime to Stop Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation    Using animals in research and to test the safety of products has been a topic of heated debate for decades. According to data collected by F. Barbara Orlans for her book, In the Name of Science: Issues in Responsible Animal Experimentation, sixty percent of all animals used in testing are used in biomedical research and product-safety testing (62). People have different feelings for animals; many look upon animals as companionsRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Testing1394 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Laboratory Animal Resource Center, â€Å"more than 100 million animals are killed in experiments each year in the United States† (qtd. in Technology). Animal experimentation is a scientific process that tests chemical substances on animal subjects versus human subjects to see how they react with the different body systems. This process has been used all over the world, but today, it is used in very few places around the world. Animal experimentation can be used f or cosmetic research toRead MoreThe Facts About Animal Experimentation1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Facts About Animal Experimentation Animal experimentation is the use of animals in research or projects involving the safety of foods, drugs, or other substances. It is a part of almost everything we use in our everyday lives. These tests can be performed on a variety of animals. There are also many different ways to perform these tests. Animal testing affects all of the lives around us. Both animals and humans are affected by this in a range of different ways. Animal testing can be shown throughRead MoreAnimal Rights : Where Are The Limits?1680 Words   |  7 PagesAdrianna Steele Dr. Beutel ENG 101 November 18, 2014 Animal Rights: Where Are The Limits? Do animals deserve the natural rights humans have? Animals are being kept captive in science labs to test many things. In research labs they are used to test many trivial products and they are also used in valuable medical research. Many animal right activists go as far as breaking the law as an attempt to get the point across about the wellbeing of animals in science labs instead of being civil about the mannerRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthat animal testing is beneficial to the advancement of human knowledge, while animal rights’ activists claim that animal testing is not humane and violates animals’ rights. The controversy over animal testing is best understood as a disagreement about whether animal testing is beneficial to humans. Each year more than 100 million animals are killed in the U.S. Every country has a law that permits medical experimentation on animals. While some countries protect particular kinds of anima ls fromRead MoreEssay about Animal Rights1553 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of animal experimentation is a widely debated topic in the United States. A fundamental question of this debate is whether the functions of animal testing and research are morally and ethically justified. In the viewpoint of the pro-research community, animal testing is a necessary practice. They support this position by stating that humans, instinctually, prioritize their own survival above other animals thus making any use of animals justifiable (Fox 5). The supporters of animal testing believeRead MoreAnimal Testing: What if You Were in Their Place? Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pageschemicals into the eyes of the animal to see how much irritation it will cause, a process known as the Draize eye irritancy test (Rabbits in Laboratories | PETA.org. 1). The test is certainly not pain free; it often causes distress, such as redness, swelling, and sometimes blindness. After the rabbits are finished being toyed wit h, they are killed (Rabbits in Laboratories | PETA.org. 1). The Draize eye irritancy test is just one of the thousands of examples of profuse animal testing that has been goingRead MoreEssay about Animal Testing605 Words   |  3 PagesAnimals have long sense been a part of human life. The dog for example is thought to have been the first animal to be domesticated by humans, sometime around 13,000–10,000 B.C., from wolves. It is not known for sure how humans gained the trust of the Canines but in any event they did, and soon found dogs to be reliable companions. Animals have aided us any many ways, from offering protection and companionship. They should be respected and loved for loyalty; however it has been a very common practiceRead MoreAnimal Rights : Animal Or Its Organs And Tissues Are Used1335 Words   |  6 Pagesthe experimental procedures, either a whole animal or its organs and tissues are used. For this purpose animals are euthanized (killed) by established metho ds. Many times, the animals surviving the clinical testing are euthanized at the end of an experiment to avoid the later pain and distress (Rusche, 2003). In some cases (for example in LD 50 analysis) animals die as a result of the experiment. The pain, distress and death experienced by the animals during scientific experiments have been a debating

Amelia Earhart Family Tree

Back to Generations 1-3 Fourth Generation (Great-Grandparents of Amelia Earhart): 8. David EARHART was born in Dec 1789 in York, Pennsylvania. He died on 3 Jun 1848 in Leechburg, Armstrong County, PA and is buried in Oakdale Cemetery, Davenport, Iowa. David EARHART and Catherine ALTMANN were married on 3 Sep 1814 in Blacklick Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania. 9. Catherine ALTMANN was born on 12 Jun 1789 in Pennsylvania. She died on 15 Mar 1870 in Davenport, Iowa. David EARHART and Catherine ALTMANN had the following children: i. Phillip EARHART was born on 28 Mar 1815 in Indiana County, Pennsylvania. He died on 24 Dec 1904.ii. John EARHART was born on 12 Sep 1816 in Indiana County.4 iii. Rev. David EARHARTiv. Henry EARHART was born on 3 May 1819 in Pennsylvania. He died on 9 Sep 1906.v. Lucy EARHART was born on 7 Feb 1821 in Indiana County. She died on 1 Jun 1907 in Atchison, Atchison County, Kansas.vi. Daniel EARHART was born on 14 Oct 1822 in Indiana County. He died on 13 Jul 1916 in Clinton, Ohio.vii. William EARHART was born on 3 Apr 1824 in Indiana County. He died on 10 Apr 1866.viii. Samuel EARHART was born on 7 Oct 1825 in Indiana County. He died on 27 Apr 1851 in Davenport, Iowa.ix. Joseph EARHART was born on 10 Mar 1827 in Indiana County, Pennsylvania.x. Mary EARHART was born on 6 Mar 1830 in Indiana County. She died on 16 Mar 1899.xi. Robert Nixon EARHART was born on 9 Apr 1833 in Indiana County. He died on 29 Jul 1907 in Davenport, Iowa. 10. John PATTON was born btw 22 July 1793 and 21 July 1794 in Indiana County, Pennsylvania.  He died on 21 Jul 1836 in Somerset, Somerset County, Pennsylvania  and is buried in Ankeny Square Burial Ground, Somerset.   11. Harriet WELLS was born between  9 Apr 1800 and 8 Apr 1801 in Somerset, Somerset County, Pennsylvania.  She died on 9 Apr 1890 in Somerset  and is buried in Ankeny Square Burial Ground, Somerset. John PATTON and Harriet WELLS were married and had the following children: 5 i. Mary Wells PATTON 12. Isaac OTIS was born on 26 Sep 1798 in Saratoga Springs, NY. He died of an accidental injury on 12 Mar 1853 near Prairieville, Barry County, Michigan. 13. Caroline Abigail CURTISS was born on 20 Aug 1808.  She died on 12 Mar 1883 in Kalamazoo, MI. Isaac OTIS and Caroline Abigail CURTISS were married in 1826 in Homer, Cortland County, New York and  had the following children: 6 i. Judge Alfred Gideon OTISii. Charles E. OTISiii. George L. OTISiv. Ephraim A. OTISv. Isaac Newton OTISvi. Stephen OTISvii. Mary OTISviii. Louise OTISix. Lilly OTISx. Curtiss OTISxi. Arthur OTIS 14. Gephard HARRES was born on 11 Jun 1801 in Brunswick, Lower Saxony, Germany. He died on 31 May 1863 in Atchison, Atchison County, Kansas  and is buried in 1863 in Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.   15. Maria GRACE  was born on 2 Aug 1797 in Germantown, Pennsylvania.  She died on 17 Sep 1896 in Atchison, Kansas. Gephard HARRES and Maria GRACE were married on 17 Oct 1824 in Philadelphia and  had the following children: 7 i. Amelia Josephine HARRESii. Elizabeth HARRESiii. George HARRESiv. Eliza HARRESv. John Henry HARRESvi. Charles Gebhard HARRESvii. Mary Ann HARRES was born on 29 May 1830 in Philadelphia, PA.  She died on 30 Apr 1909 in Atchison, Kansas.

Hepatitis B in Asian-American/Pacific Islander - 1360 Words

Hepatitis B in Asian-American/Pacific Islander America’s strength is diversity. People have come from all over the planet to this wonderful part of the world. What is the downside? With diversity, many genes- different genes are brought into one place. Some of these genes might confer specific resistance of some species against certain diseases and parasites that are common to that area. Certain groups of people are prone to certain diseases that they and their ancestors were vulnerable to. Asian-Americans are people who have origins in the Far East, Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. In American census of 2000, Asians comprise of roughly 3.6% of the population or 10 million people. By 2050 the population will grow to 36.6 million people. Although Asian American women have the highest life expectancy, they â€Å"suffer disproportionately from certain types of cancers, tuberculosis and hepatitis B† (2). Liver cancer cases are relatively low in the United States but highest among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Hepatitis B is a major cause of liver disease. Approximately 1 out of 12 Asian Americans has the chronic version of Hepatitis B. Many do not recognize it before it is too late (1). So what is Hepatitis B and what causes it? This is a liver disease that is normally spread through person to person via contact with the following: blood, semen, body fluids from a person with the virus. Most commonly, this disease unfortunately is spread from the mother to herShow MoreRelatedThe Overall Quality Of Life Of The Asian American Community918 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals or immigrants have a harder time utilizing services. San Francisco is also known for having the highest income inequality in the state (CDPH, 2012; SFDPH, 2012). Experience One can conclude that the overall quality of life of the Asian American community is moderate. There is access to resources and services that they need, and most of them are readily available. Not all of the communities living in San Francisco, though, have equal access to certain services, and there are still variousRead MoreTp53 Gene Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesare recessive and must need both of the genes mutated (Rhine 4). The next associated gene with HCC is CTNNB1, or b-catenin, which is mutated in roughly 25% of cases of HCC at the gene’s 5’ end. CTNNB1 has both physical and functional interactions within carcinogenic pathways, participating in cell-to-cell interactions and transcription (Debuire and Lemoine). When mutated, abnormal b-catenin proteins build up in the nucleus of the cells. AXIN1 is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in 5-10%Read MoreBenchmarkassignmentepidemiologypaperhepititsb1438 Words   |  6 PagesPaper Hepatitis B The definition for Hepatitis changes with whom you ask. To some it means a horrible painful way to die while others are able to look at it as a disease. The word Hepatitis means liver inflamation. The liver is a large, glandular, reddish-brown organ located in the upper right side of the abdomen. It consists of 5 lobes and secretes bile into the gallbladder and into the small intestine and aids in the digestion of lipids. Hepatitis is often caused by a virus. Hepatitis A, BRead MoreHealth Status Of Minority Group Essay623 Words   |  3 Pageshealth outcomes that are closely linked with social, economic, and environmental disadvantage — are often driven by the social conditions in which individuals live, learn, work and play. This document provides a brief overview of health status of Asian Americans. The disparities in health status, health risks, and access to health care experienced by persons of minority race and ethnicity are perhaps the greatest challenge facing public health in the United States. The importance of this challenge isRead MoreThe Impact Of Environment On Patterns Of Hepatitis B. Geography Of Health Essay1863 Words   |  8 PagesENVIRONMENT ON PATTERNS OF HEPATITIS B Geography of Health (GEOG322) â€Æ' Introduction We live in an environment, where there exists a daily interaction of humans, natural forces and other living things. This environment provides for our growth, survival as well as danger. A very important factor of this environment is Disease or illness. Various factors contribute to illness, such as injury, unhealthy lifestyle and lack of healthcare. One such deadly disease is Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a life threateningRead MoreList Main Components : Agent, Host, And Environment1336 Words   |  6 Pageschronic form. When, Acute infection transmitted mostly via sex or blood may last six months, and not immune compromised adults will recover successfully. But a person with an acute form of HBV able to transmit the virus to other unvaccinated people (Hepatitis B Foundation). Agent - HBV - virus able to cause disease. HBV is a small, double-shelled virus from the family Hepadnaviridae. It is relatively resilient and, in some instances, has been shown that in room temperature continue to be infectiousRead MoreTypes Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma ( Ah, The Primary Malignancy Of The Liver1465 Words   |  6 Pagestimes more common in men than women [6]. The most common type of HCC - caused by Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are most prevalent in Asia and Africa, as the presence of virus predisposes people to liver disease and subsequently HCC [7]. In such high prevalence areas of the world, HBV infection is often acquired at birth or in early childhood. In the US, Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) account for more than 50% of people infected with HBV, although many ofRead MoreSubstance Use Disorder Within Mental Health Patients1297 Words   |  6 Pages(2015), when the recurrent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clini cally and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home. Studies have suggested more American workers are testing positive for illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and methamphetamine in 2 consecutive year, based on Quest Diagnostics drug test results reported by Management Q A (2015) of approximately 6.6 million urine drug tests inRead MoreCambodian Immigrants And Health Care1107 Words   |  5 Pagesthan any other nationality (Asian and Pacific Islander American Health Forum [APIAHF], 2015). Understanding the specific needs of this population is important to prevent health disparities. Currently Asians are the only racial group who’s leading cause of death is cancer (Tseng et al., 2010). Asian Americans are also more likely to suffer from hepatitis B and tuberculosis. Both children and adults are more likely to have diabetes due to obesity. Many Asian Americans also s uffer from mental disordersRead MoreHealth Promotion Among Black or African Population Gcu1095 Words   |  5 PagesBlack or African American Population [Your Name] Grand Canyon University: Family-Centered Health Promotion(NRS-429V) January 10, 2016  Health Promotion Among Black or African American Population The Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2015) notes that â€Å"Starting in 1997, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requires federal agencies to use a minimum of five race categories: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian

Article Rebuttal - 757 Words

Article Rebuttal Maybelline Torres University of Phoenix BCOM/275 April 17, 2012 Prof. Lourdes Lebrà ³n Bayrà ³n Article Rebuttal In this article rebuttal an analysis will take place on the authors, reliability, credibility, and validity on the account of Noah’s flood. The rebuttal will give emphasis on the claims young earth creationist have on the earth’s existence period. Additionally, address old earth and young earth theories. Finally identify any fallacies in the argument. For centuries creation theorists have given emphasis to Noah’s flood as enough evidence to a universal deluge. Nevertheless, it is understood the ark presented in the Bible had a higher credibility to a local flood. According†¦show more content†¦The following claim states that it can give evidence that all animals and humans originated from occupants of the ark. The people could have descended from the ark inhabitants, but scientist lack evidence on the animals descending from the ark. Finding the ark does not give evidence of the ancestry of all creatures. One way to refute this is consider the Ko ala in Australia. How did this earthly animal travel to Australia once the ark settled? Traveling this distance would be impossible nevertheless because the flood was local Koalas did not need to be on the ark. Furthermore, the author asserts that locating ark remains forces paleontologists to re-decipher fossils as an effect of the flood, not of many years buildup. Old-earth creationists relates fully with the geological proof of the arks old age existence. There are no findings of the ark, although several informants alleged to have seen it. In reality the ark will never be located, most likely it no longer exists. Noah maybe used the ark wood for rebuilding the society. God declared to Noah never again would He destroy the world with water. Noah was clear he had no use for the ark maybe he dismantled it for constructing material. Moreover, creation theorists Baumgardner, and Barnett claim after the flood the land would have resembled a lifeless wilderness deprived of trees and plants. If the plant and tree seeds floated after the flood it would still take many yearsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Article Rebuttal651 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ APA Format: Article Rebuttal Lori M. Slack BCOM/275 February 17, 2014 Rod Klein Article Rebuttal Marriage is not about a piece of paper, a ring, or sexual preference. It has never been about any of these matters, and should not be considered so. Marriage is the commitment between two people who love each other unconditionally. According to Psychology Today, â€Å"marriage is the process by which two people who love each other make their relationship public, official, and permanent†Read MoreArticle Rebuttal: Minimum Wage Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesArticle Rebuttal: Minimum Wage Over the years there has been much debate about raising the federal minimum wage. Some states have taken it upon themselves to set higher minimum wages than the federal minimum wage, because of the lack of action by congress. The supporters of the raising of the federal minimum wage have been more vocal lately. This is especially true since studies have shown, that the gap has grown between the wealthier population, and the middle class. Recently President Obama, becauseRead MoreArticle Rebuttal - Does the Use of Cell Phones Cause Brain Cancer?706 Words   |  3 PagesArticle Rebuttal BCOM/275 March 19, 2012 Tania Say Article Rebuttal Does the Use of Cell Phones Cause Brain Cancer? The Opponent’s Argument In this paper valid points will be presented to refute the statement made by Dr. Ronald Herberman, Director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, to his faculty and staff on July 21, 2008. â€Å"Limit cell phone use because of the potential risk of cancer† (Reyes, 2009). Herberman based his claim on unpublished data and statedRead More College Sororities: Rebuttal of Evan Wright’s Article, Sister Act1177 Words   |  5 PagesCollege Sororities: Rebuttal of Evan Wright’s Article, Sister Act Walking around a university’s campus any day of the week, one sees an array of Greek letters worn proudly by young men and women in the Greek system. Fraternities and sororities play a big part in a university. The Greek system can also be an easy target to direct criticism. There are those who oppose the Greek system and those who embrace it. Evan Wright opposes the Greek system in his article â€Å"Sister Act† that was featured inRead MoreThomas Hobbs And John Locke865 Words   |  4 PagesBritain’s Monarchy for its lack of representation, which caused a revolution. Furthermore, after the American Revolution the articles of confederation was drafted to create order after independence was gained. The articles of confederation is extremely weak, and does not tie the newly birthed nation together cohesively. There are a plethora of problems with regards to the articles of confederation, but the most profound is the lack of power vested in the national governme nt. Therefore, the constitutionRead MoreThe Relations Of Two Governments1023 Words   |  5 PagesFinding a common ground, even with Federals superiority over States ruling. Though the two may not always agree, the improvement that America has made with their government has met milestones. It is amazing to think about how it all started with the Articles of Confederation, some 200 years ago. In 1776, thirteen colonies declare their independence from Great Britain, naming themselves the United States of America. Even at America’s earliest stage they feared too much taxation, too many internal conflictsRead MoreConfederation And Constitution ( Ginger )1376 Words   |  6 PagesAfter winning independence from Great Britain in 1776, the United States was in need of an organized national government, clearly defined in written form. The first Continental Congress drafted the Articles of confederation the following year, though it would not be ratified until 1781. The Articles provided the framework for a centralized government but ultimately were not strong enough to enforce its own requirements. A new constitution was needed. Congressional leaders began the process ofRead MoreBCOM 275 All Class Assignments and DQs – A Graded Material Essay703 Words   |  3 Pagesweek 3 Individual Assignment Article Rebuttal Locate an article on a controversial subject where the author makes an argument you do not agree with. Write a 350- to 700-word rebuttal to the article using valid arguments and supporting data. In the rebuttal, offer an analysis in which you do the following: †¢ Analyze the reliability, credibility, and validity of the data used by the author. †¢ Identify any logical fallacies in the argument. Format your rebuttal consistent with APA guidelinesRead MoreSocial Media in the Workplace873 Words   |  4 Pagesdefends the warrant; it also supports the warrant as it helps enables readers to discover their unanswered questions. Rebuttal Studies undertaken by Deakin University academics have shown that unrestricted access to various social media platforms can severely reduce the productivity of those workers who spend time socialising online during business hours. This is a rebuttal as it is dismissing and reducing the strength of the claim, giving readers doubt about the writer’s claim. Qualifier MonitoringRead MoreBCOM 275 Complete Class1327 Words   |  6 Pages275 Week 3 Individual Article Rebuttal    Locate an article on a controversial subject where the author makes an argument you do not agree with.    Write a 350- to 700-word rebuttal to the article using valid arguments and supporting data. In the rebuttal, offer an analysis in which you do the following:     ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analyze the reliability, credibility, and validity of the data used by the author.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identify any logical fallacies in the argument.    Format your rebuttal consistent with APA guidelines

Actions Based on Intentions free essay sample

We all make decisions whether trivial or weighty. Life confronts us with situations where we have to choose between alternative courses. Decisions are important because the decisions we make either make or mar us. For one, we are a product of our decision as our lives can be explained by the decisions we chose to follow in the past. Apart from this, we live in a world where in our quest for survival, we relate with people. These people are therefore affected by the decisions we chose so we should seek to make the right decisions. Depending, on the way we view it, there are two ways of evaluating our actions. It is either we see them as right because they have good consequences or they are intrinsically good. In this essay, I will be considering a moral decision made by an actor in a film I watched recently. In Prison Break, Michael Scofield decided to rescue his brother Lincoln Burrows, who is on convicted because he was allegedly found guilty for the brutal murder of the vice presidents brother. We will write a custom essay sample on Actions Based on Intentions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although nobody believes him, he claims that he is innocent. Scofield later got wind of information that made him believe that his brother is innocent of the crime was sentenced for. Coincidentally, the facility that his brother was kept was designed by his company and he was part of the people that designed it. Michael took drastic measures by getting arrested and he was sent to the same facility so that he can escape with his brother. The rest of the film is about how they escaped, the obstacles they faced, the life that had to be lost because of this plan and the hurdles that had to cross. After I finished watching the third session, seeing the lives that were lost, the people that had to pay the price, the pain it caused, I began to raise question about Michael’s actions. I began to question the morale behind his action. To begin with, I believe that his act is intrinsically bad. Laws are made by the society to create order in the society. When such laws are broken, the order is lost and this creates a sense of deviance in people. It becomes worse when such laws are broken intentionally. As regards the movie, I believe that the decision made by Michael Scofield is wrong. This is because he is bound by the law. Whether he feels that the judgment made by the court is right or wrong, should understand that the law is supreme. There is a due process that he can follow in order to reverse the decisions of the court. Using the Kantian ethics as a model in this situation, I will say that his action to escape from prison with his brother raises a fundamental question. Although we hold a duty to our family and the society but which is higher? This is where Scofield missed the point because the society overshadows the individual. Kant says that our action must be guided by a sense of duty – duty to who? The duty has to be to the society because the society is bigger than the society. In addition to this, Kantian ethics says that we should treat people as an end in themselves and never as a means to an end. In the movie, Michael used some people as a means of getting out of prison. For instance, he used Sarah Tancredi as means for their getaway. This action is considered wrong when we evaluate it from the canon of Kantian ethics. Furthermore, Michael Scofield’s motive is intrinsically wrong. His motive was to break into a prison facility and to escape with his brother, no matter what happens. Although appealing, his motive is wrong. This is because his motives for deciding to do what he did conflicts with his civil obligation. For one, there is nothing that can make his actions right. Breaking the law is wrong and that is all to it. Therefore, as human beings, we should come to terms with the fact that we do not need to wait for the consequence of an action before we know the rightness or wrongness. An action is intrinsically wrong even if it produces good consequences. Reference: Webpage of The international movie database. Retrieved on 9th December, 2008. from   http:/

The Advantages and Disadvantages Of A Market Economy. Essay Example For Students

The Advantages and Disadvantages Of A Market Economy. Essay The Advantages and Disadvantages Of A Market Economy. 27/9/96 Command and Market economies Neil SamtaniWhen considering the advantages and disadvantages of command and marketeconomies, you may notice that they are usually straight forward, yet, bothadvantages and disadvantages may merge at times, resulting in an unclear issue,that could be debatable whether it is for the good of the society, or for thegovernment. Therefore, what I am trying to say, is that no matter how hard youtry, it is always impossible to debate on which economic system is better. Bothhave their good points and their bad, but, each is aimed towards a communitythat will make use of it. This community has usually got a majority of peopleeither rich or poor, and, social class usually effects the way people may choosetheir government. In a market economy, the advantages are normally aimed towards themiddle/upper class in a community. This is why we normally find them in richercommunities (i.e. England, USA). The concept of a market economy is to allowpeople to get through life by themselves. Government usually does little tochange the economy, and, the control is given to the people with the money, or,rather, the people with the businesses. The main people in such an economy areusually the consumers, the producers, the owners of private property, and, thegovernment. These are the people with the power. The whole system revolvesaround private gain rather than the interests of everyone in a community. Sincethe rich are in control of the economy, their decisions result in the richgetting richer and the poor getting poorer. This is a perfect example of what Imentioned before, which is the way that you can not categorise all statements. This would be an advantage for the rich, but, a disadvantage for the poor. However, governments may also affect the situation, resulting in the richgetting richer, and, the poor managing to stay alive. The entire idea of the market economy is freedom. The freedom for peopleto do what they want, make what they want, and, sell what they want (to acertain extent). This can also be described as being able to decide WHAT isgoing to be produced (what products), HOW it is going to be produced(organisation, etc.) and FOR WHOM it is going to be produced. This is definitelyan advantage, as freedom and rights are allowed. Besides this, the norm is thatyoure wage is affected by the amount you work. The harder a person works, themore you would expect to get paid. This is another advantage, since people arepaid by the amount they work : a lot of work results in a high outcome, and ahigh income for the person. This is an incentive to work too, since, the pointstated previously can affect a person negatively, since, not enough work canresult in pay cuts or, even job losses. Since the economy is controlled by the rich, a problem that is bound tooccur is the economic growth rates increasing and decreasing. This can result inpeople either spending a lot of money (ending up with more people beingemployed) , and, people not spending a lot of money (ending up with people beingfired, to save money). This means that there is little job security, which isone of the disadvantages we are facing today. This means that not working hardcan result in no source of income. However, since the economic growth changes somuch, nothing can be certain. You can be rich one moment, and bankrupt the next. .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 , .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 .postImageUrl , .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 , .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258:hover , .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258:visited , .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258:active { border:0!important; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258:active , .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258 .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77da3d3a8486f965a17a1ef7de160258:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: From Dirt to Duchess EssayThis also means that a man willing to work can not have a job, and below thepoverty line, which is another disadvantage. There are not always enough jobs toaccommodate the people with the ability to work. Advantages DisadvantagesEveryone has rights and freedom to build what they wwant, sell what theywant, and buy what they canafford.Poor people can not necessarily affordmuch. Since there is little government interaction with the community, thepeople have to manage to live without their help. It is usually possible to increase living standards by increasing yourlevel of work, or your quality of it.The economy is controlled by the rich,and, therefore the richhave the power. Their decisions would always be to getthemselves richer, and, that makes the poor poorer. There are strong incentives built into the system to innovate andproduce high quality goods (high quality goods = higher income, low qualitygoods = lower income / unemployment)Since the economy is controlled by thepeople, stable growth is is very difficult. This can result in job losses, dueto a the economic cycle.(boom followed by bust) This result in low job security. Free markets provide choice for the incentives to innovate, and theeconomy to grow.There are bound to be losses. Since job security is low, andthe economy can not always be predicted, bankruptcy is and poverty can creep upon anyone.

Madonna The Rebel

Introduction In the postmodern world, traditional gender roles seem intact in the western society. While their establishment seems clear since they are evident through mass media, celebrities like Madonna want to break free from some conservative roles. Can she be called the first woman at the forefront of gender social transformations? The profound changes in conventional sex roles were set up by modernized changes in cultural attitudes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Madonna The Rebel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From historical perspective, it occurred due to a structural revolution in the characteristics of modern family institutions, educational opportunities for girls and women, and paid labor force. At the same time partial narrowing of the gender gap in the context of economic participation did not lead to the equality of men and women in the field of their occupations. Not only did women ho ld different jobs, they were distinguished in the status and possible rewards. Such socially accepted rules raised questions about attitude toward the family and moral values, establishment of which is now assessed as long and tedious rather than fast and fruitful. For this reason, the phenomenon of Madonna as of a revolutionary presentation of the inverted gender roles is extremely interesting to investigate. The concept of gender roles There does not seem to be any difficulty in finding the topic to speak in the domain of gender roles. As a preliminary, it would be a nice idea to state the concept of gender role in terms of its peculiarities, in order to see later how Madonna tried to change it. Phenomenology of gender is in the fact that not only does it encompass biological state, but expands wider and includes social functions and roles that are typical of each sex and are imposed by the culture in which one lives. Being built on the biological and physical peculiarities, gener al appearance and personality, life experience and general professionalism, education and career, sex and love affairs, gender becomes very individual. Gender experience influences the way people live, think about themselves and others, create the images of themselves for their own needs and for the sake of society. Indeed, having a certain gender role means taking on the responsibility of having certain qualities and being able to do certain functions; thus, having a gender role means being a link in the chain of society. It is also necessary to mention that gender role goes hand to hand with the concept of self-estimation that is explained as understanding of one’s self in the social relations. Another vital item to be explained in this context is an efficacy of a person or one’s believes and motives for his or her further achievements. Speaking generally, gender role, according to Dr Patterson, is a concept that should be regarded at a total of its five domains whic h are â€Å"the public, the domestic, the public or domestic, the global, and the intimate† (Lee, 34). Those domains deal with the family, economic, political, sexual, and social issues. By this it is meant, that the full overview of the issue of gender roles definition is inclined to refer to all the spheres of both male’s and female’s lives.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the topic of gender inequality goes mainly to the process of understanding the causes and consequences of women’s social subordination. Those who resisted it, including Madonna, took part in the movement for gender equality, which got the name â€Å"feminism† and became the most powerful force transformation in the modern Western society. The main topic is the question of feminism itself. Simply put, feminism is the general belief in the equality of sexes: politically, socially and economically. Feministic concepts of gender roles and Madonna In terms of its importance in history, feminism is broken down into three waves of revolutionary movements. The first â€Å"feminism of the late 19th and early 20th centuries focused on the acquisition of a few basic political rights and liberties for women, such as the right of married women to own property and enter into contracts, the right of defendants to have women on juries and the crucial right to vote† (Vetterling-Braggin 1). This was happening primarily in England, followed by the United States. The second wave of these movements came in the early 1960’s to the early 1980’s in the United States. However, this time, the revolution was not primarily focused on the political freedom of women but on the social confines of a mainly patriarchal society as well. Some say the founder of the National Organization for Women, Betty Friedan, sparked the activity of women that realized the social restrictions they were bound to. She did so first with her influential book The Feminine Mystique. The second wave brought to the public’s attention that the harmful effects of gender roles not only confined women as homemakers but also restricted the men socially. These ideas were basic for the young Madonna, who learned them while forming her views on life. The final feminist wave, beginning in the late 1980’s, saw the adverse reaction to the focus on middle-class white women in the second wave. It â€Å"embraces contradictions, conflict and irrationality and attempts to accommodate diversity and change† (Tong, 284). Other issues that the third wave deals with are postmodernity, obscurity of gender, social class and race. Conceivably, Madonna, whose appearance in show business coincided with the third wave, became the role model of the feministic movement of the time. For many years Madonna occupies her position as one of the most talked ab out, liked, hated, and productive artists in the world. Humanity used to accept her as a role model for women in various cultures, she symbolizes independence both in the sphere of personal freedom and professional education. She is associated with sexual liberation. However, the nature of her nickname ‘Bad Girl’ presupposes analyses of even the smallest details of this fabulous persona’s life and activity. In took her just eleven years, after she had released her record, to become a woman with a name of queen of the universe. Her name and birth, appearance and childhood, adolescence and career are all the elements of one puzzle, which is Madonna’s struggle against constrains of her family, society, and her own nature.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Madonna The Rebel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rebellious infancy of Madonna One can begin to strip this rebellious persona down by delving into Madonna’s childhood. According to the American sociologist Talcott Parsons’ 1955 model A: Total Role Segregation of nuclear families in America, it is the mother’s responsibility to care for her children physically as well as to teach social behaviors that her children should display (Wikipedia, â€Å"Gender Role†). Considering Madonna’s perseverance in getting out on the net of gender roles, rules and norms, it becomes vivid that her character owed much her name. Madonna Louise Ciccone appeared to retain the magnificent, even magical nature of Virgin Mary who she was called after due to the religiousness of her family. It sounds like the destiny of the star has been defined long before her birth and the name given her by parents was a sign Madonna’s further segregation in her life and career. Sigmund Freud would probably have a field day analyzing her [Madonna’s] predilection for the color symbolizing virginity. All her friends, family, and admirers know about her preference for white, and large vases of gardenias, white tuberoses, and white lilies – all her favourite flowers – fill the room (Ciccone, 11). The theme of name possession she critically raised a bit later, during her â€Å"Confession† tour in Los Angeles in 2006. While performing a mock crucifixion in her song â€Å"Live to Tell†, the performer revealed her saint and sinner nature the public. The most probable reason for such appearing, after which Madonna was condemned for her insensitivity, was a message about love and respect towards each other. She seemed to cherish her possibility to speak to humans in the name of Jesus who praised the love to every human. Definition of Madonna’s rebellious behavior and her rejection to comply with the traditions and norms of the society fully matches the one, mentioned in Rising Tide by Ronald Inglehart and Pipa Norris. The authors give their explanation of the reasons or factors of the movements against gender inequality. Historical accounts of the women’s movement or of advances in women’s rights have often stressed that certain cultural or ideological shifts are sui generis (Inglehard, Norris, 150). Assuming the conservative structure, the woman of nuclear family is also the birth mother of the children mentioned in Parsons’ model. However, due to the death of Madonna’s own mother at an early age, Madonna is deprived of this â€Å"education.† This impacted the performer in many ways. Furthermore, her father’s marriage to the family’s housekeeper increased the daughter’s resentment to him, and may very well be the central cause of her rebellious personality. She revealed her real nature early at school, never seeming to radiate serenity.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Far opposite, wishing to controvert every single rule she had been taught about, she probably demonstrated her ever lasting wish to get the maximum of attention in the family as well as later on, in her career. †¦ she was performing in an auditorium full of established actors and actresses, a group of people to which she didn’t really belong, who didn’t respect her as an actress but whose respect she desperately wanted to win (Ciccone, 5). She appeared to have a reasonable chance of doing this, but the fact itself requires an instant background check. The reason of this doing her best is easily explained in Madonna’s own words. Madonna just wanted to be a star. A driving, burning ambition to be famous seemed to be born within her, just a part of who she was at the core. When, in fact, she did realize her dream, one of her most celebrated remarks would be â€Å"I have the same goal I’ve had since I was a little girl. I want to rule the world† ( Taraborrelli, 8). Her personal understanding diverged from the traditional ideas of the family with intense religious devotion. Thus, becoming successful for Madonna meant to release from constrains of her family, which she perceived as an imminent danger. Protesting against the rules of no short haircuts, no make-up, and no silky tights, the girl manifested her self that was nothing to do with restrictions of any type. She had already managed to outrage her father with a performance in a school talent show when she was 13, flashing the audience in a revealing body suit she wore under a trench coat. And she had already made her film debut in 1976 video made by one of her classmates in which an egg is shown â€Å"frying† on Madonna’s yet-to-be-famous belly button (Cross, 9). Her suggestions of freedom she submitted by wearing everything she loved, dancing the way she enjoyed, and even playing in her classmates home made video. These events might as well being on her ins atiable need for attention and adoration, intensifying a traditional role girls are instilled with during the upbringing; they are objects to be viewed. From possible influence on Madonna’s rebelliousness one can define the time period in which she was born, during the second wave of the feminist movement. As an eager teenager absorbing the many aspects of the major issues at that time, Madonna discovered its intense focus on a woman’s self-identity, society’s views of who they are, and criticism of those against trans-genders and transsexuals. Perhaps, Madonna read Feminine Mystique the book that sparked the questioning of how women was to define themselves homemakers in the 1950’s and later brought on the feminist-social revolution. Friedan begins the book with an introduction to the general pattern of American women’s unhappiness and the simultaneous practice of girls pushed into becoming young housewives according to the media’s and soci ety’s expectations. Most women of this time are conditioned to fear that if they do not follow the road to who they should become, they would be cast as â€Å"unfeminine† or that something was inarguably wrong with them. Friedan then thinks back to who she thought were the true heroines, the early feminists that fought for their right to receive education, equality in career opportunities and suffrage. These early feminists had become successful in whatever they chose to do, proving the fallacy that being homemakers was the right way for women. She then discusses the ridiculous â€Å"sex-directed educators† who taught the same women who became young homemakers to stick to the confining disciplines. The women who had careers outside the home were accused of causing the emotional disorders that their husbands developed after returning from World War II because these women lacked focus on caring for their families. A special point to note here is that Madonna dropp ed out of college to pursue a career in dance. Therefore, she could not be drilled with the same knowledge that the rest of the women in this time had suffered even if her college only had a slight inclination towards giving the same type of curriculum. Friedan also explains the immature nature of these housewives, their negative cycle of finding no self-identification in their roles and in turn, providing no benefit to the children’s needs to discover their own identity. The next goes childhood that might have given the most vivid outlook on the performer’s initializing. Rebellion against her family, particularly his father who got married after her mother’s death and kept his family in the strict Catholic dogmas, the rules and norms of the family and school, obeying of which was undisputable. Madonna hardly saw to eye with her stepmother while resisting her household chore, which was given to each of the children. She did not have any intention to give up all that in order to omit the constant keeping her down. Free she was in all her ideas and it appeared to be no power to structure her ambitions. Her rights in the family were not limited in accordance with any existing standard, but incapable of getting additional options. Childhood transformations are defined in the book Life with My Sister Madonna where in a kind of verbose manner the early years of Madonna are portrayed by her brother Christopher. From the very beginning of the book it becomes clear that now fabulous singer, but earlier a small girl who was born in a big family, obviously demonstrated her boredom of any socially accepted activity. She was free and demonstrated her frivolity and ability to release from whatever constrains any moment she could. Unstable and difficult to be predicted, she was born to impress the world. Madonna gave herself a strict daily routine, as her brother Christopher Ciccone reveals in his book. Schedule, in fact, is my sister’s middle nam e. Up at nine in the morning, in bed by eleven at night, with every hour in between planned by her as rigidly as military campaign. With her mania for making lists, for running her life according to a timetable, in another incarnation Madonna could easily have run a prison, directed airport traffic, or been a five-star general (2). This shows that even though she has escaped the general construction of confined roles in terms of a career, Madonna is still influenced by and seeks the familiarity of the characteristics of the daily life of a housewife. Madonna displayed the advocacy of racial equality as well as social class of the third wave in many of her music videos. For example, in her controversial music video â€Å"Like a Prayer† she kisses a black man accused of rape. Christopher attributed it to their parents, who chose to live in a community of Mexicans, blacks and caucasians. He wrote, â€Å"They hope[d] that living in such a multi-racial community will foster racia l tolerance in all of [the] children†¦[and â€Å"Like a Prayer†] is one of the many proofs that they succeeded† (29). To return to the main theme: There are many signs of rebellion in Madonna early in her life. The combination of the death of his mother and her uncanny resemblance to her made for a special place in her father’s heart. Christopher, Madonna’s younger brother, could not recall any scolding or disciplining of his sister. While the six siblings took turns at household chores given to them by their stepmother, Madonna escaped these duties on the account of Joan’s fear of overworking her father’s special child. When she returned home late one night, Madonna finally received a slight physical punishment from Joan. Madonna replied back with a slap (37). It turned out that a group of bikers drove up to the pit and started playing loud music. Everyone else was really annoyed, but only Madonna had the guts to go up and say something . So one of the biker chicks beat her up. Madonna shrugged the whole thing off her confidence and bravery intact (37). She got black eyes and bleeding nose as an identification of her strong personality. She learned from the creed of her own philosophy and applied standards to the rest, her family, her friends, and just acquaintances. At the age of fourteen she performed on the stage having the deep sense of her own sexuality. Having appeared in green and fluorescent pink paint, critically short top that more resembled stripe and shorts, Madonna seemed to be entirely naked as her father claimed her to be. At that time small girl caught the attention of auditorium and made everyone unable to take their eyes off her figure. Knowing that her performance may have become a real scandal in that conservative society of her upbringing, she showed no respect to any of the remarks. That trick seemed to work while even her brother Christopher changed his mind of his sister. In his book he stat es, â€Å"As for me, the night of the talent show marks the birth of my fascination with my sister Madonna. For on that night, I understand she isn’t like everyone else; she is profoundly different† (42). It appears that throughout the whole strenuous life Madonna keeps her eye on her main chance. She stays her opportunity to be strong, sexually attractive and in good physical form in order to overcome any single challenge that could possibly appear on her way to success. At the time of her teens she is charmed with the magnificent movements that seem so much promising and even buzzing from the side did not prevent her from doing her job the way she saw it. She was lithe and agile and had the discipline and commitment to do well. Avowedly gay, Flynn took her out with him to the gay nightclubs in downtown, Detroit, where they often stole the show on the dance floor together, doing the latest dance steps. Dance lessons suddenly opened up a career path that Madonna was pa ssionate about (Cross, 10). The continuation of dancing career became a matter of will for Madonna who in the realm of her own determination became ready to let everybody’s jaws drop. The rebelliousness of this action may appear in the explanation that her meticulous performing activity at that time most probably was driven by a sense of disobedience. Even being young, in her teens, she was not afraid to be misunderstood, misinterpreted or simply gagged at. Frequently she provoked the society to contemplate their own wishes and desires, not the rules imposed on them by someone else. She put on her shorts, this time not even a top, but a bra, dressed in black color, by all these making the observers bemused by what they see. Bemused but not shocked with her pale complexion, blond hair, minimal dress, and red lipstick. This image of a fashion icon she guards up to now, sending new trends and bringing new details and so-called style improvements. Madonna: thew roots of social re belliousness Concerning the social life and entrenched norms, Madonna understood them mostly as relics that should be changed. However, before any statements are made about the revolution caused by the star, it is to be mentioned that, although Madonna struggles to blur the lines that distinguish a man from a woman, one may observe that there is a paradox in her attempts as she seeks out her own identity. In the book The Beauty Myth Naomi Wolf states, â€Å"The 70’s jolted women into positions of power† and â€Å"If women were going to have sexual freedom and a measure of worldly power, they’d better learn to fuck like men† (134). Soon after, Madonna’s long lasting star power beginning in the 80’s showed her ability to portray the traits of both sexes. Wearing male costumes and demonstrating her male strength, did she have an intention to relish from her own singing and acting activities or simply tried hard to boost her chances of success? Are her actions a presentation of liberation for women or are they simply another ploy to seek attention by drawing people to the mysteriousness of androgyny? The position of the girl who was in her father’s good book and never got told off could not be different from a feminine oriented. Madonna struggled for public space, encouraging in this way other activists who were eager to get their status in the society of no men-women division. From her perspective, this movement would enable considerable changes in the social and moral values when the limits of effective participation and contribution were going to depend purely on a person and his or her will. Altering the traditional norms and rules of the society where female rights were of a limited if not occasional nature, the process was believed to shape broader ideas. Meanwhile, Madonna’s rather stern character entirely corresponds with the idea of feminism that steered an animated discussion toward treating gender inequalities in the context of bipolar logic. Being understood correctly or not, the public image of Madonna fully matches the previously mentioned definition, moreover stated in the book. In case of understanding Madonna in the light of postmodernism it appears that everything she does should have been â€Å"governed by pre-established rules, and may not be judged [†¦] according to predefined categories† (Guilbert, 21). In all likelihood, the situation with Madonna’s breaking all rules of conventional understanding of her role in the society is not as rosy as it may seem. Madonna’s crucification on the cross in her Confession tour in 2006 generated a storm of controversy and Vatican’s condemnation. The issue of sexuality, in this case of a naked man from the cross, is raised throughout her career. She tends to provoke religious groups by her every concert or interview, however, little do we know about the real Madonna’s peculiarity, mentioned by her brother. For although Madonna is notorious for her lack of inhibition, for posing nude for art students, modeling topless for Gaultier – in private, she is far from too shy and prudish to allow herself to be seen naked at close quarters by a stranger [her dresser] (Ciccone, 15). This information may sound like delusional nonsense, considering her insatiable appetite for self revelation realized in Madonna’s frequent frivolities. They are far from innocent more appearing to be deliberate incidents of witchcraft. Madonna’s kissing with Britney Spears, made in public, was claimed by the church who did it down to be seduction. Moreover it was settled for by publicity, believing it to be a kind of promotion via mass offence or â€Å"blatant insensitivity† as it was called. But good or bad as it is now said to be, the act itself was a claim of freedom made for the young generation who should be neither restricted, nor afraid. Madonna tends to bring a lo t to watch, moreover, she carries much to contemplate. It seems now that by her hanging she gave auditorium a fascinating view no matter believed or not to be immoral. The representatives of the young generation were looked to express their disapproval while being given a chance to strike a balance between their wishes and duties. The main idea postulated by Madonna was to make people realize their deeds and confess about every single activity. She saw about this putting the question Have You Confessed? on the screen. June Sochen in her book From Mae to Madonna states that Madonna in her career was predominantly teen oriented. However, in contrast to Mae West, whose prime audience was energetic college men, Madonna appealed to teenyboppers, little eleven-and twelve-year-old girls who imitated her dress, exposed their belly buttons, and wore fingerless lace gloves (189). This fact served as a kind of tantalizing remark for the singer. Her first tour helped to visualize that her audit orium was 60 percent female. She was understood as a feminist icon, a role model aimed at teens and young feministic oriented women. Madonna never called herself a feminist, but humanist, a woman who should be kept in mind for her devoted life of self sacrifice in the name of freedom, tolerating the rights of others and intimidating those who were paralyzed even at the idea of structure rebounding. By enlisting Madonna in the rank of postmodern personalities Georges-Claude falls in with the remark that she is not a person whose image will ever wear away. He mentions that Madonna fits the definition of the postmodern star just because she â€Å"chooses the elements that suit her, but without worrying about the usual criteria of high and low culture† (Guilbert, 23). It speaks much in the context of her clips in sadomasochism style. Madonna brought her sexual image to a new, more controversial plateau by casually throwing in quips relating to sadomasochism† (Taraborrelli, 178). Such her behavior became a revelation and a treat. It unnerved those aggressively reacting on Madonna’s music activity and repeatedly raised a question of her morality. But it does not anyhow influence her popularity. To prove his idea the author states in his book, â€Å"when she (Madonna) poses for a photographer, she knows that the pictures will rapidly be circulated all over the planet, from one magazine to another, from one press agency to another, sometimes pirated†¦when Madonna grants a press conference, hundreds of journalists publish the same questions and answers as if each of them were the authors† (Guilbert, 50). Is not it a fame that escorts her to the tops of the worlds’ charts? For her pornographic session Madonna was severely criticized by church after millions of her fans picked up a trend of wearing Christian crosses as a jewelry that was officially said to offend many traditionalists’ believes and affront social values. Madon na openly declared that her main weapon in all the sexual wars was humor and her sexual attractiveness was her own form of her power. And the sensible approach to its usage gave her the ability to notch up the maximum success. Perhaps she overstepped the boundaries because the controversy did not produce a blockbuster. Critics panned the book as prurient and in extreme bad taste. It is not known whether Madonna knew of Mae West’s 1926 play by the same mane that also received bad reviews, but it is clear that Madonna continues to search for ways to create and recreate her successful image and remain a star (Sochen, 192) Astute marketer of her own persona as Madonna appears in the book Madonna’s Drowned World, she opposes the discrepancy of the life. ’Madonna phenomenon’ became a new name that rebounded after her life being put to tatters a couple of times before reaching a long awaited top. The author says, â€Å"Representing an expansive sonic plane, her productions open up an important space for understanding the intricacies of identity at play† (Fouz-Hernandez, 3). She speaks with her public by means of her songs the true secret of which is carried not in the production of sounds, but in the problems discussed in them. It speaks even more than Madonna’s own segregation from so-called legitimacy of staggeringly unbearable social norms. The star discerns her life as the most precious thing with the help of which she manifests her ability to resist male sexual autonomy, mainly by highlighting her surfaced interaction with lesbianism. Publicly accused of being a lesbian after having been noticed in the bar with one of her female friends, Madonna took on a new threatening image of a ‘floozy’. The performer as a socially unstable personality became in public consciousness her second skin that kept the world in rumors even speculating over her first birth giving. A woman with a nuclear family whose lesbian sexu ality was another trick played at the male-ruling society, occurred to be an exceptional example of how easily one can establish his or her own image. Madonna engaged herself with lesbian culture via political discourse. The same is to be mentioned about her publicly kissing Britney Spears. No way to mention any sweet feeling like love or passion. Perhaps wearing a man’s pin-striped suit indicates her manly personality. She explained it simply quoting the reasons of becoming transvestites for both men and women. While the first are looking forward to getting new extraordinary experience of wearing women’s underclothes that brings erection and so sexual satisfaction, women demonstrate their cultural desire to be noticed in the male-dominating society. Moreover, it was typical of American filmmaking of the twentieth century to popularize the men’s clothing. There was, in short, one more good case of Madonna’s rebellious behavior. Once releasing her book Sex , the performer developed her collection of highly impressive photos of Madonna’s kind of sexual affair with men and women. Amid those participating in a show were celebrities who as well as Madonna were stigmatized however, being worshiped by the fans who set up the adoration of her free sexuality. There used to be an idea that pop culture can agree with the existence of the female singers of either of two types – a good girl and a bad girl, the latter as a rule never taken seriously. Everything is being all right except Madonna’s appearance in pop culture. Being well known of her image of a bad girl she broke the preliminary visions of who female singer was. In a trapping of a bad girl, Madonna did not ask for a serious reliance, but demanded it. Not a singer but charismatic actress as she originally was accepted, she appeared to be a real renovation, natural and talented singer, exceptionally vulnerable and coherent. In stead of her voice sounding girlish, th in, and pinched her persona was aggressive, provocative, and sexy. Her video Erotica was believed to become one to liberate social libidos of contemporary Americans and to lighten their wallets, while whetting Madonna’s appetite for new experience and emotions. She is even believed not only to obey sexuality, but to satirize sex in some of her explicit works. Madonna’s stated position is that she desperately wishes people to confront their long-obeyed believes about sexuality, race and gender. By means of libertine sexuality she helps them to deal with the repression as she believed it to be. Moreover, Madonna tried to intervene in and influence the shape of mythology about her. And the initial popularity of the star amid teenage girls was explained simply, attributing it to fans’ identification with her power and independence. She deliberately offered them means of resisting the powerlessness and subordination especially to patriarchy. Her popularity amid women is explained nearly the same as with teenagers due to the identification with Madonna’s figure who is a knot of power and desire. She dares to intrude into the situation of eternal tranquility and disturbs the status quo while not only being an outspoken and sexy woman, but socially and economically powerful person. After thriving her heyday, Madonna’s power in cultural sphere and the controversial situations she appeared in became deeply rooted in perception of her personality which now was seen as strong or better to say powerful one. By her appearance in the culture Madonna challenged many spheres of so much habitual life and she the established positions of active feminism, fueling stereotypes. Madonna’s denial of traditional values in her adult life and career In the sphere of professional and personal stability Madonna is far from being called unchangeable. Leisa Barnet in her article Madonna’s Style Evolution called the style of the pop idol of th e chameleon nature. She burst onto the pop stage in the Eighties in thrift shop looks that defined a generation and, through Gaultier conical bras, religious epiphanies, touches of English rose-dom and a gym obsession (not to mention two marriages, two children and one traumatic adoption), Madonna’s chameleon sense of style has never failed to keep the fashion world on its toes. This speaks for itself explaining the popularity of Madonna’s image and her impact on her listeners, who hold their breath at her never stable appearance and never tranquil life. In the book Madonna as Postmodern Myth Georges-Claude Guilbert names Madonna a polyvalent artist who not only made am enormous impact on music, but penetrated collective consciousness of Americans. Millions of people all over the Globe believe her to perfectly match the definition of an affluent businesswoman, actress, producer, musician, writer, model, journalist, pop singer etc. The author explains his own vision of the term correctly associated with the pop star, naming Madonna a superstar and gives the precise quotation in his book. He writes, In Warholian terms, a superstar was initially an unknown person who, in the groove of the sixties New York underground, bestowed the title upon herself or himself (Guilbert, 12). Randy Taraborrelli in his book Madonna mentions the fact that explains Madonna’s devotion to her career. He cited the singer saying, People don’t know how good I am yet †¦ But they will soon. In a couple of years everyone will know†¦I plan on being one of this century’s biggest stars (Taraborrelli, xiii). Because of her hard work, clarity of intentions, extraordinary self sacrifice and determination she is now a star she promised to become. This contemporary struggle for recognition was so much in need while it helped to gain access to the process of inclusion into social consciousness. Considering the fact of inequality, one means a strict divisi on onto the dominant and subordinate groups the latter of which is usually characterized by the numerous constrains of the ways to articulate their interests. At the University of Michigan, where Madonna continued her attempts to get education, she shared room with a Whitley Setrakian, a young and promising choreographer, and left an impression of â€Å"beautiful†¦very thin†¦spontaneous, driven and unafraid† personality (Taraborrelli, 30). Her behavior and feelings were expressed in a quite different way. Madonna never has never standed superiority of somebody else but not her. Niki had a better voice than Madonna. Her voice is fully trained, and Madonna fights to keep her bay because Niki is fully capable of drowning her out and often does. When that happens, Madonna sometimes orders Niki’s mike to be switched off (Ciccone, 18). This rebelliousness against someone else’s superiority may sound quite approved. Not caring too much about so-called moral l egitimacy of her deeds which directly concerned her life Madonna kept her number one place on the stage she had been struggling for since the very beginning of her life. Such kind of protection from one’s intrusion is perceived as her self-appreciation that resulted in Madonna’s never exhausting energy in her moving forward. She was raw, but we were all raw then. However, if one dancer got a lot of attention and she didn’t, that made her angry and she would talk to me about it. ‘What does she have that I don’t have?’ she would ask. She would think it was unjust that anyone got more recognition than she got. It drove hr crazy that others were as good, or better, as if there was a mad race to finish (Taraborrelli, 30). Challenging her life before coming to the stage, Madonna radiated serenity while staying on it because of her fans, millions of who worshiped the image of their idol, even dressed in secondhand clothes. It became her cult (Tarabo rrelli, 62). And she, Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone, satisfied only with the best available of everything, became a person to inspire others with her life and activity. There was a set of Madonna’s rules. She demonstrated obedience while following them and was looking forward or even much expected the same from the people who were near her. Madonna insisting that everything has to be done her way, according to timetable and that life must be lived by her rules (Ciccone, 30). By this it becomes clear that Madonna expected much from her surrounding, she applied standards, but at the same time she theatrically showed the way she neglected all the rules and barriers put in front of her. In the final chapter of The Feminine Mystique, Friedan encourages women to view housework as a means to an end to find their own paths to achieve their completeness. It seems as though Madonna chose to follow the ideas of Friedan and then took her newfound psychological freedom to another level. She went on to fuse her talent in dancing with the art of music. Her influence is hard to deny: ready to surprise with every activity or action, she seemed never to be lost for new ideas. That is more she elongates her omnipresent image reduplication in the consciousness of millions by her various occupations. It is mentioned about Madonna’s success that it is achieved due to her â€Å"ability constantly stay fresh and new† (Fouz-Hernandez, 22). Is not it about her stardom that evoked her desire not to wear away with time? Madonna changes her appearance more frequently than one can suggest, never keeping up constant. Preliminarily in her album Like a Prayer and later in her successful career singer has performed her transformations that by current time take the status of the cultural pattern. At her concerts she reappears in multiple variations of styles and images. She tends to mask herself at her concerts as it happened at â€Å"Open you Heart†. The singer ap peared to change her image tree times being wearing a black haired wig at the beginning, her usual hair dress throughout and at the end she bore much resemblance to the man in his male suit and hat. Madonna recalls it as a masquerade, visual misconception that prevents from being seen as you are. She changed her appearance but at the same time stayed exactly the same with her body gestures that appeared in various performances, and ideas of her life that continuously were striking the consciousness of listeners. It is worth mentioning that Madonna and her peculiar style is on the tip of the tongues of those for who the term ‘fashion’ rings a bell and others far less acquainted with the necessity to redecorate the appearance that was given them by nature. Pop legend whose bra sexually empowered woman and made men subconsciously afraid of the breasts came forward as an icon of the style. Her devotion to the bra and body exposure were easily visualized even in her humble a ppearance at the 1995 VMAs. On the contrary, her leather-clad image caused confusion amid the teens who were desperately seeking for a leather bodysuit. Madonna’s insatiable desire for globetrotting was fully realized in her appearance in the costumes, styles and colors that were multitraditional. By this it is meant, that Madonna’s Evita after appearing in red color infected the whole Globe with an idea of doing out in red. Then Indian style came about with its brunette hair and henna tattoos. Every time Madonna’s style takes breath away and stimulates to deeply analyze the reasons of her occasional preference of outfits. A bit later in a new turn of vicious circle Madonna returned to her school pants-less tradition as it had been called. And finally, her award at the Rock ‘n’ roll Hall of Fame she got in a female tuxedo dress that seemed unnaturally humble if not to consider that it was completely sheer. In dress or simply without cords, and even with the bunny ears that she was noticed possessing at Costume Gala red carpet she is going to be stated in sartorial history book. Moreover, every single detail of her dress tantalizes the followers of her style while jeopardizing their social predisposition. She rebels even against the death that left her off her mother. She sets her own rules not caring too much about how stringent they may appear to the rest. In the book The Rough Guide to Rock Peter Buckley states, Her ability to impact public consciousness is matched only by her capacity to successfully reinvent herself – now she’s even writing children’s books. What can be said with certainty is that she’s unlikely to disappear. And for that, she should take a bow (Buckley, 628). At the cost of leaving but in order to precipitate her being on the stage, Madonna re-arranged herself in the opposite new image of the ballad singer and in 1995 faced the world with her new collection Something to Remembe r. She set an example of how to protect the thing she valued. Moreover, she did it in a manner when the words were needless. And then she left the world observe and speculate about the consequences of such encapsulating as she usually does. She takes over her destiny using the supplement sources such as the power of her voice, the beauty of her body and various means of criticizing social norms and believes. Both singer and actress, though her own self-promotion and tranasgressive actions, Madonna inverted (or at least challenged) America’s notion of sex, gender and power. She publicized her appropriation of the unspoken and taboo areas of America’s moralist rhetoric and capitalized on it through the scandalization and titillation of the consumer (Smith-Shomade, 162). In the book Madonna’s Drowned Worlds the author says, Madonna, whether you like it or not, started a revolution amongst women in music. She made the female body seem more like a machine with cravin gs and less like Barbie doll. Her attitudes and opinions about sex, nudity, style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take a notice (Fouz-Hernandez, 162). It proves the fact that her attention towards her image on the stage was huge. Moreover, she keeps this idea in her mind since the very beginning of her career when standing on the stage she noticed remarkable looks from the audience. Women were no longer to be treated as some fragile creatures, but rather muscular figures, physically and mentally strong not only to overcome the changes but to stimulate them. By all this, Madonna did not seem to deny the necessity of male strength. The rebelliousness was in her understanding and acceptance of the general concept of natural hierarchy of power but constant attacking the concept of female and gay exclusion as well as minority elimination. She understood that the key to preventing such stereotypical social system from existing was to show or to teach others how to distinguis h obligations and ventures. The doubters of adequacy of this movement called to get excited and energized. Generally speaking, Madonna’s personality covered the great variety of spheres of major social interest among which one can recall subculture appropriation, rules and marvelous manner of representation, postmodernism and body modification. Madonna herself gained a fame of image, role, symbol that was an apple of the eye of social exploration of gender, race, sexuality, feminism, and consumer culture. In the third chapter of his book Georges-Claude reckons, Madonna strove to organize her own cult like those ancient goddesses who came down to earth to instruct humans (Guilbert, 62). It can appear hilarious, but isn’t it an explanation for Madonna’s self realization in various spheres including her own Ed Hardy’s clothes designing line? It came as no surprise that in the end of the summer 2010 in Macy’s USA there appeared pop idol’s collec tion of T-shirts for teenagers and kids. She launched her collection called after her single Material Girl. Doing all this she not only enlarged the number of her own fans and extends the ranks of social statuses, but popularized her fame among the youngest, somehow instructing the humans. Assessing the role of Madonna and the impact of her rebellious nature, it becomes clear that the influence of Madonna’s musical and cultural career can only be called profound. Her constant transformations became a focus of major attention as well as her personality. In addition, Madonna profoundly used video more than any other contemporary star in order to promote her music. What is more, Madonna’s singing was a soundtrack to her own persona and her sexual dare. In fact, it seems that she is constant controversy. She is inspired by her navigating trough the canonical society tantalizing the publicity rather than jeopardizing it. In the light of Madonna’s definition of gender role it should be mentioned that in order to anticipate great success, Madonna seemed to manage another, new aspect of the contradiction between the notions of women social role and their potential success in the personal, professional and other spheres. By her own example she proved that women could easily reach the top of the fame, realize themselves in any activity due to their will. To demonstrate her own potential in order to underline the ability do act, but not to wait and complain. It was her, Madonna’s, idea of how to reel from sluggish society slowed by their numerous bans and constrains. The strategic implications of her activity occurred to be very powerful. Madonna with her every single activity presented the world with a new image that was a mix of oppositions such as suffering and survival, theatrical performance and ironic speculation, vulnerability and strength. It is a reflection of her inner warfare caused by the desire to articulate the identity in the st ruggle for mainstream, equality and admittance to the dominant culture. Conclusion Not only did she embody a postmodern sensibility, but took this sensibility into a domain of gender and sexual diversity. In the context of self-estimation and efficacy which were mentioned earlier Madonna appears to face the requirements of both. Her estimation of herself and her own personality corresponds with the social envisioning of an ideal woman free of any type of constrains. Madonna’s interest in some other occupations with which she got involved with is explained by her unsuccessful expansion of her pop music empire and her longing for new experience. Is it not a matter of efficacy? Insatiable appetite and willingness to get the maximum of everything made her outstanding and remarkable persona even after thirty years of her conquering the stage. She appeared as a fashion designer, a producer and filmmaker, as well as publisher and actress. It seems there isn’t any activity tha t she did not try. But it does not anyhow underline her superiority or fact of being extraordinary. It appears vice versa. A girl from the big family who managed to get over the death of her mother and poverty of her teenage years far from home promised to reach the top of the fame. She promised to herself to become a star and she did, gaining fame of postmodern Cinderella. At a steady pace she moved forward reaching the aim, fighting her way as she recalls it. She kept her promise by her devoted life full of self-sacrifice. Is she an unusual woman after that? If only in the light of acting up stereotypical norms and giving birth to the culture that gradually takes over the whole globe even far from its own country. Every time Madonna takes her place on the stage the main focus is made on how extraordinary she is while performing, stressing over and over her nickname that sounds like Bad Girl. All these in the name of fame, in order not to fail meeting her personal requirements of n early ideal individuality whose appearance is properly taken care of, who uses her life in order not to deprive herself of an opportunity to relish the process of attending to unbridgeable gap of gender and cultural issues. She was refreshingly honest in her admission that she had done all that with the goal to realize herself in her life. She seems to never blight her form and power. She used her popularity to propagate the new concepts of life. Madonna set an example of how not to accept, but resist against the inequalities, unbearable gender roles, and gender stereotypes. By doing this she did not only inspire others, but persists in her hard work and personal efficacy. Rebellious as she has always been will she remain in the future. Works Cited Barnet, Leisa â€Å"Madonna’s Style Evolution† Web. Buckley, Peter. The Rough Guide to Rock. London: Rough Guides, 2003. Ciccone, Christopher. Life with my sister Madonna. New York: Simon Spotlight Entertainment, 2008. Cross , Mary. Madonna: a biography. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2007. Fouz-Hernandez, Santiago, Jarman-Ivens, Freya. Madonna’s Drowned World. New approaches to her cultural transformations, 1983-2003. NY: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2004. Friedan, Betty. The feminine mystique. London: Norton, 2001. Guilbert, George-Claude. Madonna as postmodern myth : how one star’s self-construction rewrites sex, gender, Hollywood and the American dream. NY: McFarland Company, Inc., 2002. Inglehart, Ronald, Norris, Pipa. Rising Tide. Gender Equality and Cultural Change around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Lee, W Janice. Gender roles. NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2005. Smith-Shomade, E Beretta. Shaded Lives: African-American women and television. NY: Rutgers University Press, 2002. Sochen, June. From Mae to Madonna: Women Entertainers in Twentieth-Century America. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 1999. Taraborrelli, J Randy. Madonna. NY: Simon Schuster Rockefeller Center, 2001. Tong, Rosemarie. Feminist thought. A more comprehensive introduction. NY: Westview Press, 2009. Wolf, Naomi. The beauty myth: how images of beauty are used against women. NY: Perennial, 2002. This research paper on Madonna The Rebel was written and submitted by user Xavier White to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.